|
Technologies |
Fuels |
|
Valid in year |
Capital cost |
Operating cost excluding fuel |
Size |
Output |
Efficiency |
Life |
Fuel cost |
Fuel limit |
|
Nuclear Power AGR/PWR/Magnox |
2000 |
£(2000)1913-2778/kWpeak |
£(2000)35/kWpeak |
1 GW |
82% |
32% |
35-45 years |
|
|
Nuclear Power E-PWR/AP1000 |
2020 |
£(2000)1050/kWpeak |
£(2000)50/kWpeak |
1600 MW |
83% |
35% |
50 |
|
|
Nuclear Power Pebble Bed |
2030 |
£(2000)1786.5/kWpeak |
£(2000)0.39/GJ |
1 GWpeak |
83% |
35% |
50 |
|
|
Nuclear Power GT-MHR |
2030 |
£(2000)1786.5/kWpeak |
£(2000)17.55/kWpeak |
1 GW |
83% |
48% |
50 |
|
|
Nuclear Power EPWR |
2010-2020 |
£(2000)1050-1482/kWpeak |
£(2000)0.066/PJpeak |
|
85% |
31.5% |
40 years |
|
|
Nuclear Power AP1000 |
2007 |
£(2000)1625-1050/kWpeak |
|
|
85% |
35% |
50 years |
|
|
Conventional Coal Electricity Generation Coal plant (Large, with FGD) |
2000 |
£(2000) 765/kWpeak |
£(2000) 14/kWpeak plus £(2000) 0.19/GJ |
|
54% |
32% |
20 |
|
|
Conventional Coal Electricity Generation Coal plant (Small, without FGD) |
2000 |
£(2000) 765/kWpeak |
£(2000) 21/kWpeak plus £(2000) 0.2/GJaverage |
|
83% |
34% |
30 years |
|
|
Conventional Coal Electricity Generation IGCC |
2010-2030 |
£(2000) 835 - 891/kWpeak |
£(2000) 19/kWpeak plus £(2000) 0.33/GJ |
|
90% |
42-45% |
35 |
|
|
Conventional Coal Electricity Generation PF |
2010-2030 |
£(2000) 791 - 870/kWpeak |
£(2000) 17/kWpeak plus £(2000) 0.31/GJ |
|
90% |
43-52% |
50 |
|
|
Conventional Coal Electricity Generation Co-Firing |
2010-2030 |
£(2000) 847 - 870/kWpeak |
£(2000) 19/kWpeak plus £(2000) 0.31/GJ |
|
83% |
43 - 46% |
50 |
|
|
Conventional Gas Electricity Generation CT/Gas engine |
2000 |
333 - 389 £(2000)/kWpeak |
0.43 £(2000)/kWpeak plus 1.54 £(2000)/GJ |
|
57% |
23 - 29% |
20 |
|
|
Conventional Gas Electricity Generation CCGT |
2000 |
400 £(2000)/kWpeak |
7 £(2000)/kWpeak plus 0.56 £(2000)/GJ |
|
83% |
49% |
30 |
|
|
Conventional Gas Electricity Generation New CCGT |
2010 - 2030 |
357 - 400 £(2000)/kWpeak |
6.25 - 7 £(2000)/kWpeak plus 0.56 £(2000)/GJ |
|
83% |
55 - 61% |
35 |
|
|
Gas CCS Electricity Generation |
2010 - 2040 |
463 - 690 £(2000)/kWpeak |
12.08 £(2000)/kWpeak plus 0.47 £(2000)/GJ |
|
83% |
47 - 60% |
35 |
|
|
Coal CCS New IGCC with CCS |
2010-2030 |
£(2000)944 - 1210/KW |
£(2000)26/KW plus £(2000)0.72/GJpeak |
|
90% |
37-40% |
35 years |
|
|
Coal CCS New co-firing coal plant with CCS (similar to new PF) |
2015-2020 |
£(2000)1235 - 1363/KW |
£(2000)29/KW plus £(2000)0.75/GJpeak |
|
83% |
34-41% |
50 years |
|
|
Imported Uranium Imported uranium step 1 |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.0238/GJ |
56,000PJ |
Imported Uranium Imported uranium step 2 |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.0476/GJ |
70,000PJ |
Imported Uranium Imported uranium step 3 |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.0873/GJ |
147,000PJ |
Imported Uranium Imported uranium step 4 |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.111/GJ |
476,000PJ |
Imported Uranium Imported uranium step 5 |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.222/GJ |
|
Uranium Enrichment & Disposal 4.5%-19% uranium enrichment and fuel fabrication only |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.486m/TWh |
|
Uranium Enrichment & Disposal 9% uranium enrichment and fuel fabrication |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)1.37m/TWh |
|
Uranium Enrichment & Disposal 4.5-19% uranium enrichment, fuel fabrication and disposal |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)1.37m/TWh |
|
Uranium Enrichment & Disposal Production of hydrogen isotopes for fusion reactor |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)24.04m/TWh |
|
Oil Electricity Generation plants Oil-fired steam turbine Existing |
2000 |
£(2000)500/KW |
£(2000)16/KWpeak plus £(2000)0.07/GJ |
|
41% |
34% |
30 years |
|
|
Oil Electricity Generation plants Oil IGCC 2000 |
2000 |
£(2000)560-920/KW |
£(2000)40/KWpeak |
|
83% |
41-53% |
25 years |
|
|
Solid Biomass Electricity Generation Energy crop gasification |
2000 |
£(2000)1,575/KW |
£(2000)66/KWpeak plus £(2000)0.13/GJ |
|
83% |
44% |
35 years |
|
|
Solid Biomass Electricity Generation Energy crop gasification - 2010 onward |
2010 - 2040 |
£(2000)1674 - 2094/KW |
£(2000)50 - 62/KWpeak plus £(2000)0.13/GJ |
|
83% |
47 - 50% |
20 years |
|
|
Onshore Wind Onshore - Wind speed of 5-9m/s |
2005 |
£(2000) 675/kw |
£(2000)27/kw |
|
28% |
13-61% |
25 years |
|
|
Offshore Wind Wind offshore |
2005 |
£(2000)1196-1751/KW |
£(2000)35/kwpeak |
|
22-50% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Hydroelectricity >20MW |
2000 |
£(2000)800/KW |
£(2000)80/kwpeak |
|
37% |
|
40 years |
|
|
Hydroelectricity <1.25MW |
2000 |
£(2000)1450/KW |
£(2000)145/kwpeak |
|
37% |
|
40 years |
|
|
Microwind Microgeneration |
2005 |
£(2000)1350/KW |
£(2000)27/kwpeak |
|
10-20% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Wave Wave energy T1 |
2000 |
£(2000)2634.5/KW |
£(2000)207/KWpeak |
|
23-49% |
|
30 years |
|
|
Wave Wave energy T1 |
2050 |
£(2000)1069.74/KW |
£(2000)167/KWpeak |
|
23-49% |
|
30 years |
|
|
Wave Wave energy T2 |
2050 |
£(2000)1647.96/KW |
£(2000)240.5/KWpeak |
|
23-49% |
|
30 years |
|
|
Wave Wave energy T2 |
2000 |
£(2000)4058.5/KW |
£(2000)280.5/KWpeak |
|
23-49% |
|
30 years |
|
|
Tidal Stream |
2000 |
£(2000)1948/KW |
£(2000)43/KW |
|
33% |
|
|
|
|
Tidal Stream |
2050 |
£(2000)790.55/KW |
£(2000)23/KW |
|
33% |
|
|
|
|
Tidal Range Severn Tidal Barrage |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)1500/KW |
£(2000)43-23/KW |
|
23% |
|
|
|
|
Solar PV Solar Power Generation |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)5750-6325/kw |
£(2010)0/KW |
|
25-5% |
|
30 years |
|
|
Biomass 2nd generation biocrops Energy Crops Step 1 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)3.61/GJ |
41.31 GJ |
Biomass 2nd generation biocrops Energy Crops Step 2 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)5.97/GJ |
71.91 GJ |
Biomass 2nd generation biocrops Energy Crops Step 3 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)4.31/GJ |
226.06 GJ |
Biomass solid fuel imports |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)9.18/GJ |
1314PJ |
Biomass liquid fuel imports Imported 1st Gen bio-diesel |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)11.95/GJ |
28.4-142PJ |
Biomass liquid fuel imports Imported 2nd Gen (FT) bio-diesel from licnocellulosic |
2020-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)15.83/GJ |
56.8-142PJ |
Biomass liquid fuel imports Imported (FT) biokerosene |
2020-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)18.69/GJ |
56.8-142PJ |
Biomass liquid fuel imports Imported ethanol – corn |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)20.93/GJ |
3.4-34PJ |
Biomass liquid fuel imports Imported ethanol – sugar cane |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)8.282/GJ |
0-66PJ |
Biomass liquid fuel imports Imported methanol |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)11.39/GJ |
14.2-127.8PJ |
Biomass straw collection Straw step 1 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)1.102/GJ |
14.565PJ |
Biomass straw collection Straw step 2 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)2.136/GJ |
15.51PJ |
Biomass straw collection Straw step 3 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)4.34/GJ |
33.27PJ |
Biomass 1st generation biocrops Wheat step 1 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)6.94/GJ |
189PJ |
Biomass 1st generation biocrops Rape seed oil |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)4.33/GJ |
18.9PJ |
Biomass 1st generation biocrops Wheat step 2 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)8.81/GJ |
174PJ |
Biomass 1st generation biocrops Wheat step 3 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)13.8/GJ |
75PJ |
Biomass manure collection Poultry litter step 1 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.122/GJ |
0.8PJ |
Biomass manure collection Animal Slurry step 2 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)1.081/GJ |
19.4PJ |
Biomass manure collection Animal Slurry step 3 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)3.377/GJ |
21.64PJ |
Biomass manure collection Poultry litter step 2 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.245/GJ |
7.155PJ |
Biomass manure collection Poultry litter step 3 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.429/GJ |
7.95PJ |
Biomass manure collection Animal Slurry step 1 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)0.675/GJ |
14.93PJ |
Pumped storage - Hydro Hydro - Pumped Storage |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)1,614.8/KW |
£(2000)1.3/kw plus £(2000)0.67/GJ |
|
95% |
|
50 years |
|
|
Interconnection dummy technology for electricity import |
2000-2050 |
£m(2000)150/GW |
£m(2000)0.3/GW |
|
50% |
|
|
|
|
Carbon Storage Near shore Gas |
2000-2050 |
£m(2000)26/MTCO2 |
£m(2000)0.6/MTCO2 plus £m(2000)0.22/MtcO2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon Storage Offshore Oil and Gas |
2000-2050 |
£m(2000)34/MTCO2 |
£m(2000)0.6/MTCO2 plus £m(2000)0.22/MtcO2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon Storage Offshore Aquifier |
2000-2050 |
£m(2000)44/MTCO2 |
£m(2000)1.1/MTCO2 plus £m(2000)0.22/MtcO2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cooking Electric hob and oven |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)922/500KWh |
£(2000)0/kw |
|
|
|
14 years |
|
|
Cooking Gas hob and oven |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)984/700KWh |
£(2000)0/kw |
|
|
|
14 years |
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand Most EE Double Glazing |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)119.8/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
26.37PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand Most EE Cavity Wall insulation |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)53.5/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
7.72PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand Most EE External Wall insulation |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)178.8/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
11.01PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand Most EE Pitched Roof Insulation |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)18.4/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
18.4PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand TRVs Fully installed |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)1.4/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
25.56PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand Programmable Thermostats |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)642.5/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
72.4PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial Heat Demand Optimising Heating Start timers |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)642.5/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
24.77PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Mistake |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Stairwell timers for lighting |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)0.075/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
5.02PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Most EE Fridges |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)9.1/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
2.48PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Most EE Fridge-Freezers |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)22.9/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
0.17PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Most EE Freezers |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)6.1/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
2.55PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Sunrise-Sunset timers |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)270.5/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
2.57PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Metal Halide Floodlights |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)54.9/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
1.39PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances IRC Tungsten-Halogen Spots |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)8.9/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
3.45PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances HF Ballast |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)97.4/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
21.26PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances ECG CFLs Replace Tungsten Lamps |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)48/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
13.42PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Base Lighting Timers |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)101.3/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
24.26PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances 16mm Fluorescent tubes replace 26mm |
2000-2050 |
£(2000) 48.36/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
5.87PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Light Detectors |
2000-2050 |
£(2000) 1269/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
5.02PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Presence Detectors for Lighting |
2000-2050 |
£(2000) 0.07/GJ |
£(2000)0/KW |
8.12PJ |
|
|
|
|
|
Hydro pumped storage Hydro - Pumped Storage |
2000-2050 |
£(2000) 1,614.8/KW |
£(2000)1.3/KWpeak plus £(2000)0.67/GJ |
|
95% |
77% |
50 years |
|
|
Solid wall insulation |
|
£(2010)4237.90280799917-1695.4201637136/House |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cavity wall insulation |
|
£(2010)420.940835146617-388.560770904569/House |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Floor insulation |
|
£(2010)1295.2025696819-64.7601284840949/House |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Superglazing |
|
£(2010)5180.81027872759-0/House |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loft Insulation |
|
£(2010)353.590301523158-178.737954616102/House |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomatter to fuel conversion Dry biomass & waste to liquid |
2010-40 |
£(2010)20-32M/PJ |
£(2010)3-4M/PJ |
|
0.75Twh/yr |
|
30years |
|
|
Biomatter to fuel conversion Dry biomass & waste to gas |
2010-40 |
£(2010)11-32M/PJ |
£(2010)1-3M/PJ |
|
|
|
30years |
|
|
Biomatter to fuel conversion Dry biomass & waste to solid |
2010-40 |
£(2010)0M/PJ |
£(2010)2M/PJ |
|
|
|
30years |
|
|
Oil fired Boiler Dom and non-dom |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)7.93/GJ |
£(2000)0.55/GJ |
|
|
75% |
15 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Residential Micro CHP (Gas) |
2000 |
£(2000)1980-2475/KW |
£(2000)135/KW |
|
70% |
23% |
20 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Micro CHP (Hydrogen/Gas) |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)1148-2872/KW |
£(2000)135/KW |
|
90% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Residential Micro CHP (Gas) |
2050 |
£(2000)1345-871/KW |
£(2000)135/KW |
|
70% |
23% |
20 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Commercial Micro CHP (Gas) |
2050 |
£(2000)1666-1182/KW |
£(2000)121.5/KW |
|
70% |
23% |
20 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Commercial Micro CHP (Gas) |
2000 |
£(2000)1782-2227.5/KW |
£(2000)135/KW |
|
70% |
23% |
20 years |
|
|
Geothermal Heat Geothermal Plant for District Heating |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)2116/KW |
£(2000)43/KW |
|
64% |
|
40 years |
|
|
Gas (Natural or Biogas) CHP Natural Gas Engine Heat Plant |
|
£(2000)600 - 670/KW |
£(2000)0.43 - 2.58/KW plus £(2000)0 - 0.96/GJ |
|
69% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Gas (Natural or Biogas) CHP CHP - District Heating from Biogas/Landfill gas |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)1000/KW |
£(2000)0.43/KW plus £(2000)1.54/GJ |
|
46% |
35% |
20 years |
|
|
Solid Fuel CHP Biomass CHP - District Heating |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)2500 - 3000/KW |
£(2000)50/KW |
|
55% |
16% |
20 years |
|
|
Air Conditioning Non-Domestic Air conditioner |
2000-2010 |
£(2000)120/GJ |
£(2000)0.73/GJ |
|
300% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Biomass forestry arisings collection Forestry residues step 1 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)2.64/GJ |
11.51PJ |
Biomass forestry arisings collection Forestry residues step 2 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)3.96/GJ |
11.53PJ |
Biomass forestry arisings collection Forestry residues step 3 |
2000-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2000)5.28/GJ |
15.35PJ |
Biomass conversion 1st generation energy crops to liquid Fermentation to ethanol |
2010 |
£M(2000)24.542/PJ |
£M(2000)3.008/PJ |
|
|
90% |
30 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion 1st generation energy crops to liquid Hydrogenation and production of 1st generation biodiesel |
2010 |
£M(2000)17.2/PJ |
£M(2000)3.898/PJ plus £M(2000)0.025/PJ |
|
90% |
60% |
30 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion dry biomass, biocrops and waste to solid |
|
|
£(2000)2/GJ |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion dry biomass and waste to liquid Gasification and Fischer‐Tropsch production of bio‐kerosene and FT biodiesel |
2015 |
£m(2000)20.33/PJ |
£m(2000)3.898/PJ |
|
|
75% |
30 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion dry biomass and waste to gas Biomass Gassification |
|
£m(2000)22.8/PJ |
|
|
|
55% |
30 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion wet biomass and waste to liquid Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch production of bio-kerosene and FT biodiesel |
2015 |
£m(2000)20.33/PJ |
£m(2000)3.898/PJ |
|
|
75% |
30 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion 2nd generation energy crops to liquid Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch production of bio-kerosene and FT biodiesel |
2015 |
£m(2000)20.33/PJ |
£m(2000)3.898/PJ |
|
|
75% |
30 years |
|
|
Electricity Transmission |
2000 |
£(2000)150k/MW |
£(2000)9.4k/MW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity Distribution |
|
£(2000) 82000/MW |
£(2000) 2500/MW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Air Source Heat Pump Heat Pumps |
2010-2050 |
£(2000)180/GJ |
£(2000)0.73/GJ |
|
|
450% |
15 years |
|
|