|
Technologies |
Fuels |
|
Valid in year |
Capital cost |
Operating cost excluding fuel |
Size |
Output |
Efficiency |
Life |
Fuel cost |
Fuel limit |
|
Nuclear Power 2050 Pathways - 2010 Range |
2010 |
£m(2010) 2478-4548/GWpeak |
£(2010) 120-13/KWpeak |
3 GW |
54% |
36% |
60 years |
|
|
Nuclear Power 2050 Pathways - 2050 Range |
2050 |
£m(2010) 1360-4548/GWpeak |
£(2010) 120-13/KWpeak |
3 GW |
72% |
36% |
60 years |
|
|
Conventional Oil Electricity Generation |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)500-920/kWpeak |
£(2010) 16-40/kWpeak |
2 GW |
4.70% |
30% |
|
|
|
Conventional Coal Electricity Generation |
2010-2050 |
£(2010) 991-2277/kWpeak |
£(2010) 22.326-93/kWpeak |
2 GW |
57% |
35% |
25 years |
|
|
Conventional Gas Electricity Generation |
2010 |
£(2010)819-518/kWpeak |
£(2010)15-57/kWpeak |
2 GW |
70% |
50% |
20 |
|
|
Conventional Gas Electricity Generation |
2050 |
£(2010)819-445/KW |
£(2010)15-57/kWpeak |
2GW |
70% |
50% |
20 |
|
|
Coal CCS 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)4154-821/KW |
£(2010)163-38/KWpeak |
1.2GW |
62-65% |
32-44% |
35 years |
|
|
Coal CCS 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)4154-468/KW |
£(2010)163-38/KWpeak |
1.2GW |
72.6-74.3% |
32-44% |
35 years |
|
|
Temporary High/Low |
2050 |
£(2010)4323.2-821/KW |
£(2010)163-38/PJ |
1.2GW |
85% |
32-44% |
30 years |
|
|
Temporary High/Low |
2010 |
£(2010)4323.2-468/KW |
£(2010)163-38/KWpeak |
1.2GW |
85% |
32-44% |
30 years |
|
|
Onshore Wind 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)1858-874/KW |
£(2010)75-7/KWpeak |
2.5MW |
30% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Onshore Wind 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)1858-822/KW |
£(2010)75-7/KWpeak |
2.5MW |
30% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Solid Biomass Electricity Generation 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010) 5160-122/kw |
£(2010) 45-254/kw |
50MW |
85.5% |
35% |
25 years |
|
|
Solid Biomass Electricity Generation 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010) 5160-105/kw |
£(2010) 45-254/kw |
50MW |
85.5% |
35% |
25 years |
|
|
Offshore Wind 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)4276-1050/kw |
£(2010)30-214/Kwpeak |
5.8MW |
45% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Offshore Wind 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)4276-2300/kw |
£(2010)30-214/Kwpeak |
5.8MW |
35% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Tidal Stream 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)2880-7083/kw |
£(2010)22-140/KWpeak |
2MW |
36% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Tidal Stream 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)797-5600/kw |
£(2010)22-99/KWpeak |
2MW |
36% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Wave 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)866-6440/KW |
£(2010)20-363/KWpeak |
1.5MW |
22.50% |
|
45 years |
|
|
Wave 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)2616-8600/KW |
£(2010)20-740/KWpeak |
1.5MW |
22.50% |
|
45 years |
|
|
Tidal Range 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)4157-2475/KW |
£(2010)13-42/KWpeak |
240MW |
22.8-19% |
|
45 years |
|
|
Tidal Range 2010 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)4157-1631/KW |
£(2010)13-42/KWpeak |
240MW |
22.8-19% |
|
45 years |
|
|
Geothermal Electricity 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)2141-7848/kw |
£(2010)85-258/kwpeak |
10MW |
80% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Geothermal Electricity 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)7848-4016/kw |
£(2010)85-258/kwpeak |
10MW |
80% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Microwind |
2010-2050 |
£(2010) 9000-1749/ kw |
£(2010)35-0/kw |
5KW |
24% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Solar PV 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)2385-5080/KW |
£(2010)1-71/KW |
2.5KW |
10% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Solar PV 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)383-5080/KW |
£(2010)1-71/KW |
2.5KW |
10% |
|
25 years |
|
|
Biomass liquid fuel imports |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)20-108/MWh |
140 TWh |
Bus EV Range - Bus - EV 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)205265.566120221-441647/unit |
£(2010)19897.1833237488-37933/unit |
|
|
|
15 years |
|
|
Battery Storage 2010-2050 Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)192/KWh |
£(2010)0/kw |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Level 2 Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)95059012-329485676/TWh |
£(2010)0/KW |
9.6TWh |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Level 3 Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)310688997-621377994/TWh |
£(2010)0/KW |
23.4TWh |
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial lighting and appliances Level 4 Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)329485676-658971352/TWh |
£(2010)0/KW |
37.5TWh |
|
|
|
|
|
Interconnection Range |
2010-2050 |
€m(2010)300-900/1GW |
£(2010)578955.5-192985.2/1GW |
1GW, 260km |
|
|
|
|
|
Exported Electricity 2010-2050 Range |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)20-172/MWh |
|
Uranium Enrichment & Disposal Enrichment, Waste & Disposal Cost |
2010-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£m(2010)1.7765-0.629768/TWh |
|
Hydroelectricity High/Low Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)1036-9507/KWpeak |
£(2010)10-188/KWpeak |
100MW |
38% |
|
60 years |
|
|
Bus ICE Range - Bus - 2050 |
2050 |
£(2010)120,000-235690/unit |
£(2010)1000-24971/unit |
|
|
|
15 years |
|
|
Cars ICE Range - ICE - 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)13500-20000/car |
£(2010)200-1545/car |
|
|
|
12yrs |
|
|
Cars ICE Range - ICE - 2010 working assumption |
2010 |
£(2010)15216-20000/car |
£(2010)1545-1545/car |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cars PHEV Range - PHEV - 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)14125-42350/car |
£(2010)200-2831/car |
|
|
|
9-13 years |
|
|
Bus Hydrogen FCV Range - Bus - Hydrogen FCV 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)260000-1052865.48133743/unit |
£(2010)2410-93722/unit |
|
|
|
15 years |
|
|
Passenger Rail Range - Rail - Electric 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)183367.8-333396/unit |
£(2010)401824.5-730590/unit |
|
|
|
40 years |
|
|
Passenger Rail Range - Rail - Diesel 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)68253.35-124097/unit |
£(2010)401824.5-730590/unit |
|
|
|
40 years |
|
|
Passenger Rail Default - Passenger Rail (Electric) - 2010 |
2010 |
£(2010) 333396/unit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Passenger Rail Default - Passenger Rail (Diesel) - 2010 |
|
£(2010) 124097/unit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
UK National Aviation Range - UK National Aviation - 2050 |
2050 |
£(2010)24200000-57337603.7457258/unit |
£(2010)1504958.03543674-1504958.03543674/unit |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
|
Road Freight Range - Road - Freight Electric 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)166462.581597762-1727272.72727273/unit |
£(2010)2409.63855421687-30519.1482747902/unit |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
Road Freight Road - Freight Diesel ICE 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)45000-70790/unit |
£(2010)1000-15000/unit |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
Road Freight Range - Road - Freight Diesel ICE 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)45000-70790/unit |
£(2010)15000-15000/unit |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
Rail Freight Range - Rail - Freight Diesel 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)2233108-2545743/unit |
£(2010)31263.5048181536/unit |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
|
Rail Freight Rail - Freight Electric 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)2233107/unit |
£(2010)22044.8593410009/unit |
|
|
|
30 years |
|
|
Bus Hybrid EV Range - Bus - Hybrid EV 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)130000-271993/unit |
£(2010)4400-25064/unit |
|
|
|
15 years |
|
|
Oil Price |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(2011)82-82/bbl |
|
Oil Price 2050 working assumption |
2030-50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(2011)75-170/bbl |
|
Coal Price |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(2011) 93-93/tCoal |
|
Coal Price 2050 working assumption |
2030-50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$(2011)80-155/tcoal |
|
Gas Price 2050 working assumption gas price 2010 |
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
p(2009) 44- 44/therm |
|
Gas Price Range - 2050 working assumption |
2030-50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
p(2011)45-100/therm |
|
Gas Boiler Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2009)125-150/KW |
£(2009)9/KW |
20KW |
3-10% |
94% |
15 years |
|
|
Gas Boiler Commercial |
2010-2050 |
£m(2010)55-38/TWh |
£m(2010)3-12/TWh |
|
100% |
90% |
20 years |
|
|
Gas Boiler 2050 Range - Residential |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)3,087-2,573/20KW |
£(2010)180/20KW |
20KW |
|
91% |
15 years |
|
|
Electric heating Non-Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£m(2010)195-65/TWh |
£m(2010)1.5-0.5/TWh |
|
|
1 |
20 years |
|
|
Electric heating 2050 Range - Residential |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)4200-2800/20KW |
£(2010)196/20KW |
20KW |
|
100% |
15 years |
|
|
Oil fired Boiler Non-Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)55,463,165-18,487,722/TWh |
£(2010)3,846,752-1,282,251 /TWh |
|
|
|
20 years |
|
|
Oil fired Boiler Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)324-187/KW |
£(2010)22-2/KW |
|
|
97% |
15 years |
|
|
Solid Fuel Boiler (inc Biomass) Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)566-259/KW |
£(2010)26-11/KW |
20KW |
|
87% |
15 years |
|
|
Solid Fuel Boiler (inc Biomass) Non-Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)384,495,307-31000000/TWh |
£(2010)1643644-4,696,126/TWh |
|
|
|
20 years |
|
|
Air Source Heat Pump Domestic |
2010 |
£(2010)10808-8400/14KW |
£(2010)127-54/14KW |
4KW |
|
200-300% |
15 years |
|
|
Air Source Heat Pump Non-Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£m(2010)205-141/TWh |
£m(2010)2-0.2 /Twh |
|
|
|
20 years |
|
|
Air Source Heat Pump Domestic |
2050 |
£(2010)10808-4592/14KW |
£(2010)127-54/14KW |
14KW |
|
200-300% |
15 years |
|
|
Ground Source Heat Pump Domestic |
2010 |
£(2009)14,157-8,448/11KW |
£(2009)5-9/KW |
|
|
325-385% |
23 years |
|
|
Ground Source Heat Pump Domestic |
2050 |
£(2010)1325-655/KW |
£(2009)5-9/KW |
|
|
325-385% |
23 years |
|
|
Ground Source Heat Pump Non-Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)183,148,910-128,368,601 /TWh |
£(2010)469,613-117,403 /TWh |
|
|
|
20 years |
|
|
Geothermal Heat Domestic & Non-Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)4,111-1,370/KW |
£(2010)56/KW |
|
64% |
70% |
20 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Domestic & Commercial Fuel Cell CHP assumption |
2000-2050 |
£(2000)636-500/KW |
|
|
34% |
|
15 years |
|
|
Micro CHP Sterling engine Micro CHP |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)3500-3150/6KW |
|
20KW |
34% |
85% |
|
|
|
Air Conditioning Non-Domestic Air conditioning |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)671,433,012-447,622,008/TWh |
£(2010)4,084,550-2,723,034/TWh |
|
|
300% |
|
|
|
Air Conditioning 2050 Range - Residential |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)2964-1000/4KW |
£(2010)180-60/4KW |
4KW |
100% |
250-600% |
10 years |
|
|
Biomass conversion gas to gas |
2050 |
£(2010)92-113/MWh |
£(2010)13-19/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heat exchanger for District heating 2050 Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)592-111 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Solid wall insulation 2050 Range |
|
£(2010)7600-1695/House |
|
|
|
|
Lifetime of house |
|
|
Cavity wall insulation 2050 Range |
|
£(2010)1620-356/household |
|
|
|
|
Lifetime of the house |
|
|
Floor insulation 2050 Range |
|
£(2010)1295.2025696819-64.7601284840949/House |
|
|
|
|
Lifetime of house |
|
|
Draughtproofing 2050 Range |
|
£(2010)2000-40/House |
|
|
|
|
Lifetime of the household |
|
|
Loft Insulation 2050 Range |
|
£(2010)128-354/household |
|
|
|
|
Lifetime of the house |
|
|
Superglazing 2050 Range |
|
£(2010)5180.81027872759-0/House |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas (Natural or Biogas) CHP 2050 Range - Non-domestic |
2010-2050 |
£m(2010)134-96/TWh |
£m(2010)10-5/TWh |
|
100% |
|
20 years |
|
|
Gas (Natural or Biogas) CHP 2050 Range - Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)23500-16820/20KW |
£(2010)1700-900/20KW |
10MW |
100% |
|
15 years |
|
|
Solid Fuel CHP 2050 Range - Non-domestic |
2010-2050 |
£m(2010)194-123/TWh |
£m(2010)3-11/TWh |
|
|
|
20 years |
|
|
Solid Fuel CHP 2050 Range - Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)34,000-21,620/20KW |
£(2010)1900-560/20KW |
|
100% |
|
15 years |
|
|
Gas CCS Electricity Generation |
2050 |
£(2010)1664-404/kw |
£(2010)133-32/KWpeak |
1.2GW |
79% |
55%-62.7% |
30 years |
|
|
Gas CCS Electricity Generation 2010 Range |
2010 |
£(2010)1570-600/kWpeak |
£(2010) 22-133/kWpeak |
1.2 GW |
73.7% |
56-65% |
30 years |
|
|
Gas CCS Electricity Generation 2050 Range |
2050 |
£(2010)1570-404/kWpeak |
£(2010) 22-133/kWpeak |
1.2 GW |
75% |
65% |
30 years |
|
|
Biomass straw collection |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£m(2010)4-22/TWh |
|
International Aviation 2050 working assumption |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Macro Algae |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)15-343/tonne |
|
District Heating Network 2050 Range |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)26400000-64800000/TWh |
£(2010)0/TWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
District Heating Network 2050 Range - Domestic |
2010-2050 |
£(2010)10800-4000/Household |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass manure collection |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£m(2010)0-22/TWh |
|
Biomass 1st generation biocrops |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£m(2010)20-85/TWh |
|
Biomass 2nd generation biocrops |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£m(2010) 7-28/Twh |
|
Soil management Up to 2020 |
2010-2020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)0-7/tCO2e |
0-1.9MtCO2e |
Soil management Up to 2050 |
2020-2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)0-52/tCO2e |
1.9-3.4MtCO2e |
Biomass forestry arisings collection |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£m(2010)10-25/TWh |
|
Enteric fermentation abatement |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)0--161/tCO2e |
0-3.8MtCO2e |
Manure management |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)70-140/tCO2e |
0-0.7MtCO2e |
Biomass solid fuel imports |
2050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
£(2010)20-89/MWh |
0-140 TWh |
Biomass conversion 1st generation energy crops to liquid |
2050 |
£(2010)5-119/MWh |
£(2010)1-23/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass conversion dry biomass, biocrops and waste to solid Range conversion dry biomass, biocrops and waste to solid |
2010-2050 |
|
£(2010)1-23/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass conversion wet biomass and waste to gas |
2050 |
£(2010)18-1154/MWh |
£(2010)1-74/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass conversion dry biomass and waste to liquid |
2050 |
£(2010)23-263/MWh |
£(2010)4-63/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass conversion dry biomass and waste to gas |
2050 |
£(2010)43-253/MWh |
£(2010)3-77/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste collection and separation Recycling Household, C&I |
|
£(2010)15-37/tonne |
£(2010)31-86/tonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste collection and separation Collection of household, commercial and industrial waste |
|
£(2010)6-16/tonne |
£(2010)20-39/tonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste collection and separation Preparing for use for energy |
|
£(2010)19/tonne |
£(2010)19/tonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste collection and separation Separating wet waste from Household, C&I |
|
£(2010)2-12/tonne |
£(2010)26-45/tonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass conversion 2nd generation energy crops to liquid |
2050 |
£(2010)23-263/MWh |
£(2010)4-63/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biomass conversion wet biomass and waste to liquid |
2050 |
£(2010)23-263/MWh |
£(2010)4-63/MWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste landfill sites Landfill site |
|
£m(2010)23-47/250ktonne |
£m(2010)4-5/250ktonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste landfill gas capture Capturing the landfill gas |
|
£m(2010)0-1/24ktonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste landfill gas capture Recovering the landfill gas for energy |
|
£m(2010)0-1/13ktonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waste sewage gas capture Recovering sewage sludge for energy |
|
£m(2010)0-1/ktonne |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity Transmission |
|
£m(2010)82-481/GW |
£m(2010)2-12/GW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity Distribution |
|
£m(2010)106-1688/GW |
£m(2010)3/GW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbon Storage |
2050 |
£(2011)3-57/tCO2 |
£(2011)0.1-6/tCO2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydro pumped storage 2010 range |
2010 |
£(2010)500-5079/kw |
£(2010)10-46/kw |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydro pumped storage 2050 range |
2050 |
£(2010)500-5079/kW |
£(2010)10-46/kw |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cooking 2050 working assumption - Gas |
2010-50 |
£(2000)984-1476/700KWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cooking 2050 working assumption - Electric |
2010-50 |
£(2000)922-1383/500KWh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Solar Thermal 2050 working assumption |
2050 |
£(2010)876-3310/kW |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Range - Cars ICE 2010 range |
2010 |
1545 -1545 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|